Ruling 1551. Eight things invalidate a fast:

1. eating and drinking;

2. sexual intercourse;

3. masturbation, meaning that a man – either with himself or by means of something – does something other than having sexual intercourse that results in ejaculation. How this applies to a woman was explained in Ruling 345;

4. based on obligatory precaution, ascribing false things to Allah the Exalted, the Most Noble Messenger (Ṣ), and the successors of the Most Noble Messenger (Ṣ) [i.e. the Infallible Imams (ʿA)];

5. causing thick dust to reach the throat, based on obligatory precaution;

6. remaining in a state of ritual impurity (janābah), menstruation (ḥayḍ), or lochia (nifās) until the time of ṣubḥ prayers;

7. applying liquid enema;

8. vomiting intentionally.

The laws (aḥkām) relating to these will be explained in the following rulings (masāʾil).