Ruling 1153. Doubts that must be dismissed are as follows:

1. a doubt about an act for which the time of performance has passed. For example, in rukūʿ, one doubts whether he recited Sūrat al-Ḥamd or not;

2. a doubt that arises after the salām of the prayer;

3. a doubt that arises after the time of prayers has expired;

4. a doubt of one who doubts excessively (kathīr al‑shakk);

5. a doubt held by an imam of congregational prayers about the number of rakʿahs performed when a follower is sure about it; and similarly, a doubt held by a follower when the imam is sure of the number of rakʿahs performed;

6. a doubt in recommended prayers and ṣalāt al‑iḥtiyāṭ.

These six types of doubt will now be dealt with in sequence.