Ruling 1143. It is disapproved for one to turn his face a little to the right or left while performing prayers to the extent that he cannot see what is behind his head; and if he can see what is behind his head, his prayer is invalid, as mentioned previously. It is also disapproved for one to close his eyes, turn them to the right or left, play with his beard and hands, interlock his fingers, spit, look at the writing of the Qur’an or of another book, and to look at the inscription on a ring. Furthermore, when one is reciting Sūrat al-Ḥamd, the other surah, or dhikr, it is disapproved for him to become silent in order to hear someone talking. In fact, any act that takes away one’s humility and submissiveness is disapproved.

Ruling 1144. It is disapproved for one to perform prayers when drowsy or needing to urinate or defecate. It is also disapproved for one to perform prayers while wearing tight socks that exert pressure on his feet. Apart from these instances, there are other disapproved acts mentioned in more detailed books.