Ruling 220.* If the body, clothing, or something else like a utensil or carpet becomes impure, and if it is in the possession of a Muslim who is bāligh – or a non-bāligh mumayyiz child who is able to discern between what is pure and what is impure – and that Muslim moves out of sight [with the impure object], then in the event that one deems it rationally probable that he has washed it, it is pure. This rule also applies to a non-bāligh child who is not mumayyiz as the child's affairs are looked after by such a [Muslim] person entrusted with its affairs. Furthermore, things that a person cannot see because of a lack of light or being blind fall under the rule of becoming absent. Therefore, if the body or clothing of a Muslim becomes impure and someone does not see it being purified due to a lack of light or being blind, then in the event that he deems it rationally probable that it has been washed, it is ruled to be pure.

Ruling 221. If a person is certain or confident that an impure object has become pure, or two dutiful (ʿādil) people testify to it having become pure and their testimony concerns the reason for it having become pure, then the object is pure; for example, they testify that an item of clothing that had become impure with urine has been washed twice. The same applies if a person who is in possession of an impure object says that it has become pure, and he is not suspected to be someone whose word in this case cannot be accepted; or, if a Muslim washes an impure object with the intention of making it pure, even if it is not known whether he has washed it properly or not.

Ruling 222. If a person who has been appointed to wash someone’s clothes says that he has washed them and one is confident of the truthfulness of what he says, then those clothes are pure.

Ruling 223.* If an obsessively doubtful person (muwaswis) who does not attain certainty like normal people do in the washing of an impure object washes it in the same way that normal people wash it, his actions are sufficient to deem the object pure. From an Islamic law perspective, being abnormally cautious in matters of purity and impurity is not approved, and there is no need for any person, obsessively doubtful or not, to investigate and see if his body, clothing, or something else has become impure or not. Furthermore, it is not necessary to carefully see if something impure has made contact with something else, and if it has, whether wetness has spread to it or not. In all of these cases, the objects are ruled to be pure.