Ruling 81. The urine and faeces of a human being and every animal whose meat is unlawful to eat and whose blood gushes out – meaning that if its jugular vein is cut, blood runs out with a gush – is impure. The faeces of an animal whose meat is unlawful but whose blood does not gush out, like fish that are unlawful to eat, as well as the droppings of small animals, like mosquitoes and flies that do not have flesh, are pure. Furthermore, the urine of an animal whose meat is unlawful and whose blood does not gush out must be avoided[1] [i.e. it is ruled to be impure], based on obligatory precaution.

Ruling 82. The urine and droppings of birds whose meat is unlawful are pure, but it is better to avoid them [i.e. it is better not to treat them as being pure].

Ruling 83. The urine and faeces of an animal that eats excrement are impure. The same applies to the urine and faeces of a kid [i.e. a baby goat] that has drunk the milk of a pig – as per the details that will be mentioned in the laws relating to types of food and drink. And [the same applies to the urine and faeces of] an animal with which a human being has had sexual intercourse.