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LAWS RELATING TO EMPTYING THE BOWELS AND THE BLADDER →
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LAWS RELATING TO THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER
Ruling 44. Mixed water – the meaning of which was mentioned in Ruling 13 – does not purify an impure object, and ritual bathing (ghusl) and ablution (wuḍūʾ) performed with it are invalid (bāṭil).
Ruling 45. Even if its quantity equals kurr, mixed water becomes impure if a particle of an impurity comes into contact with it. However, in the event that it is poured from above onto an impure object, the amount that comes into contact with the impurity is impure, and the amount that does not come into contact with it is pure. For example, if rose water is poured from a rose water bottle onto an impure hand, the amount that makes contact with the hand is impure, and the amount that does not make contact with the hand is pure.
Ruling 46. If impure mixed water is mixed with kurr water or flowing water in a way that it can no longer be commonly called ‘mixed water’, it becomes pure.
Ruling 47. Water that was unmixed and it is not known whether that water has become mixed is deemed to be unmixed, meaning that it purifies an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are valid (ṣaḥīḥ). Furthermore, water that was mixed and it is not known whether that water has become unmixed is deemed to be mixed, meaning that it does not purify an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are invalid.
Ruling 48. If it is not known whether some water is unmixed or mixed, or whether it was previously unmixed or mixed, then such water does not purify an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are invalid. In the event that an impurity makes contact with it and the water is less than kurr, it becomes impure; and if it is equal to or more than kurr, then based on obligatory precaution, it also becomes impure.
Ruling 49. If an intrinsic impurity like blood or urine comes into contact with water and changes its smell, colour, or taste, it becomes impure even if it is kurr or flowing water. In fact, based on obligatory precaution, the water also becomes impure even if the smell, colour, or taste of the water changes by means of an impurity that is outside it; for example, an impure carcass that is lying by the side of the water changes the water’s smell.
Ruling 50. With regard to water into which an intrinsic impurity like blood or urine has fallen and there is a change in its smell, colour, or taste, in the event that it is connected to kurr or flowing water, or it rains on it, or wind makes the rain fall on it, or rainwater flows on it from a gutter while it is raining, in all of these cases, if the change disappears, it becomes pure. However, the rainwater, kurr water, or flowing water must become mixed with it for it to be considered pure.
Ruling 51. If an impure object is purified in kurr or flowing water, the water that drips from the object after the final wash that makes the object pure,[1] and after the object has been taken out of the water, is pure.
Ruling 52. Water that was pure, and it is not known whether it has become impure or not, is pure. Water that was impure, and it is not known whether it has become pure or not, is impure.
Ruling 45. Even if its quantity equals kurr, mixed water becomes impure if a particle of an impurity comes into contact with it. However, in the event that it is poured from above onto an impure object, the amount that comes into contact with the impurity is impure, and the amount that does not come into contact with it is pure. For example, if rose water is poured from a rose water bottle onto an impure hand, the amount that makes contact with the hand is impure, and the amount that does not make contact with the hand is pure.
Ruling 46. If impure mixed water is mixed with kurr water or flowing water in a way that it can no longer be commonly called ‘mixed water’, it becomes pure.
Ruling 47. Water that was unmixed and it is not known whether that water has become mixed is deemed to be unmixed, meaning that it purifies an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are valid (ṣaḥīḥ). Furthermore, water that was mixed and it is not known whether that water has become unmixed is deemed to be mixed, meaning that it does not purify an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are invalid.
Ruling 48. If it is not known whether some water is unmixed or mixed, or whether it was previously unmixed or mixed, then such water does not purify an impure object, and wuḍūʾ and ghusl performed with it are invalid. In the event that an impurity makes contact with it and the water is less than kurr, it becomes impure; and if it is equal to or more than kurr, then based on obligatory precaution, it also becomes impure.
Ruling 49. If an intrinsic impurity like blood or urine comes into contact with water and changes its smell, colour, or taste, it becomes impure even if it is kurr or flowing water. In fact, based on obligatory precaution, the water also becomes impure even if the smell, colour, or taste of the water changes by means of an impurity that is outside it; for example, an impure carcass that is lying by the side of the water changes the water’s smell.
Ruling 50. With regard to water into which an intrinsic impurity like blood or urine has fallen and there is a change in its smell, colour, or taste, in the event that it is connected to kurr or flowing water, or it rains on it, or wind makes the rain fall on it, or rainwater flows on it from a gutter while it is raining, in all of these cases, if the change disappears, it becomes pure. However, the rainwater, kurr water, or flowing water must become mixed with it for it to be considered pure.
Ruling 51. If an impure object is purified in kurr or flowing water, the water that drips from the object after the final wash that makes the object pure,[1] and after the object has been taken out of the water, is pure.
Ruling 52. Water that was pure, and it is not known whether it has become impure or not, is pure. Water that was impure, and it is not known whether it has become pure or not, is impure.
[1] The number of times a particular object has to be washed for it to be purified depends on the type of object it is, the thing that made it impure, and the type of water it is washed with. For example, a utensil that has become impure with wine is purified by washing it three times with kurr water, flowing water, or suchlike. See Ruling 147.